Arthur Reingold, Jeremy Roland, Ashley Coates, California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, California; Breanna Kawasaki, Rachel Herlihy, Isaac Armistead, Madelyn Lensing, Jordan Surgnier, Sarah McLafferty, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment; Ann Basting, Tessa Carter, Maria Correa, Daewi Kim, Carol Lyons, Hazhia Sorosindi, Connecticut Emerging Infections Program, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Emily Fawcett, Katelyn Ward, Jana Manning, Asmith Joseph, Allison Roebling, Chandler Surell, Stephanie Lehman, Taylor Eisenstein, Suzanne Segler, Grayson Kallas, Marina Bruck, Rayna Ceaser, Annabel Patterson, Sabrina Hendrick, Johanna Hernandez, Hope Wilson, School of Medicine, Emory University, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Georgia Department of Public Health, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Atlanta, Georgia; Jim Collins, Shannon Johnson, Justin Henderson, Sue Kim, Alexander Kohrman, Lauren Leegwater, Val Tellez Nunez, Sierra Peguies-Khan, Michigan Department of Health and Human Services; Kayla Bilski, Kristen Ehresmann, Richard Danila, Jake Garfin, Grace Hernandez, Kieu My Phi, Ruth Lynfield, Sara Vetter, Xiong Wang, Minnesota Department of Health; Daniel M. Sosin, Susan L. Ropp, Sunshine Martinez, Jasmyn Sanchez, Cory Cline, Melissa Judson, Florent Nkouaga, Mark Montoya, New Mexico Department of Health; Sarah Lathrop, Kathy M. Angeles, Yadira Salazar-Sanchez, Sarah A. Khanlian, Nancy Eisenberg, Dominic Rudin, Sarah Shrum Davis, Mayvilynne Poblete, Emily B. Hancock, Francesca Pacheco, New Mexico Emerging Infections Program; Yassir Talha, Celina Chavez, Jennifer Akpo, Alesia Reed, Murtada Khalifa, CDC Foundation, New Mexico Department of Health; Suzanne McGuire, Kerianne Engesser, Nancy Spina, Adam Rowe, New York State Department of Health; Sophrena Bushey, Virginia Cafferky, Maria Gaitan, Christine Long, Thomas Peer, Kevin Popham, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York; Julie Freshwater, Denise Ingabire-Smith, Ann Salvator, Rebekah Sutter, Ohio Department of Health; Sam Hawkins, Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority; Tiffanie Markus, Katie Dyer, Karen Leib, Terri McMinn, Danielle Ndi, Gail Hughett, Emmanuel Sackey, Kathy Billings, Anise Elie, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Amanda Carter, Andrea George, Andrew Haraghey, Ashley Swain, Caitlin Shaw, Laine McCullough, Mary Hill, Ryan Chatelain, Salt Lake County Health Department, Salt Lake City, Utah; Alvin Shultz, Robert W. Pinner, Rainy Henry, Sonja Mali Nti-Berko, CDC; Elizabeth Daly, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in preventing COVID-19-associated emergency department and urgent care encounters and hospitalizations among nonimmunocompromised children and adolescents aged 5-17 yearsVISION Network, 10 states, April 2021-January 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm, ** https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.27.21262356v1, On August 13, 2021, CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) issued the first of several recommendations for additional or booster doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. These trends could result in epidemic phase bias if infection severity is correlated with time from infection to test. Sample sizes presented are unweighted with weighted percentages. Secondarily, we used a Test-Negative Design (TND), which is a case-control study, to compare the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested positive vs. the odds of vaccination among mothers of infants who tested negative. Garg S, Patel K, Pham H, et al. JAMA 327, 10871089 (2022). 189, 13791388 (2020). During the Omicron period, among children whose mothers received 1 dose before pregnancy and 1 dose during pregnancy, VE against infection was 46% (95% CI: 23, 77) during the first 2 months of life, 16% (95% CI: 28, 50) during the first 4 months of life and 3% (95% CI: 32, 36) during the first 6 months of life compared with children whose mothers were unvaccinated (Supplemental Table4). Mortal. CDC twenty four seven. Clinical information was abstracted for 5,681 adults with COVID-19associated hospitalization during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022 (Table). The population of unvaccinated adults is determined by subtracting the number of adults who received any dose of vaccine, as previously defined, from the population. During the Omicron-predominant period, hospitalization rates increased among unvaccinated persons and those who completed a primary series, with and without receipt of a booster or additional dose (Figure 2). The funders played no direct role in the study. TN, NMF, WH, and SA wrote the software. J. By the end of December, Omicron made up 58% of all cases in the US, per Our World in Data, but Delta is thought to cause more severe disease and more hospitalizations than Omicron on average. Article However, a milder virus could still put pressure . Laurie M. Billing and Kenzie Teno report grants from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists during the conduct of the study. If the SARS-CoV-2 test date was not available, hospital admission date was used. ; COVID-NET Surveillance Team. "The subpopulations with the highest risk should be considered a priority for COVID-19 therapeutics and further booster doses.". This analysis describes weekly hospitalization rates during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods. Second, vaccination status is subject to misclassification; this might affect estimation of rates by vaccination status. PubMedGoogle Scholar. N. Engl. URL addresses listed in MMWR were current as of of Omicron-infected patients with a high rate of vaccination in China. Wkly. Blakeway, H. et al. COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated both high efficacy in clinical trials and high real-world effectiveness, especially against the original and Delta variant of the virus6,7,8,9,10. N. Engl. You can review and change the way we collect information below. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Fully-vaccinated in this chart meant one dose of the J&J vaccine or two doses of Pfizer or Moderna. The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. To account for the correlation between infants with the same mother, we fit marginal Cox proportional hazards models using robust sandwich variance estimates. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. 384, 403416 (2021). During the Omicron-predominant period, weekly COVID-19associated hospitalization rates (hospitalizations per 100,000 adults) peaked at 38.4, compared with 15.5 during Delta predominance. NMF, SB, SFunk, ACG, DDA, and AMP acquired funding. Over the entire study period, the incidence of hospitalization for COVID-19 was lower during the first 6 months of life among infants of vaccinated mothers compared with infants of unvaccinated mothers (21/100,000 person-years vs. 100/100,000 person-years). COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: coverage and safety. Infect. Racial and ethnic disparities in rates of COVID-19associated hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and in-hospital death in the United States from March 2020 to February 2021. Kim, L. et al. and statistical significance was assessed at two-sided p0.05. No other exclusion criteria were applied. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 in children. JAMA 326, 16291631 (2021). Beginning the week of December 1925, 2021, the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) became the predominant circulating variant in the United States (i.e., accounted for >50% of sequenced isolates). Polack, F. P. et al. volume14, Articlenumber:894 (2023) This preceded and had no relation to COVID-19, and GD had no role in and received no funding from the project. Statistical codes are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author. Mortal. It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. New federal data shows adults who received the updated shots cut their risk of being hospitalized with . Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Hospitalisation associated with SARS-CoV-2 delta variant in Denmark. This case-positive, control-test-negative design also referred to as the test-negative design (TND) has often been used in studies of vaccine effectiveness. Schrag, S. J. et al. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) N. Engl. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Klein, N. P. et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Overall, the study results support recommendations for vaccination during pregnancy to protect both mothers and their infants. All adults should stay up to date with COVID-19 vaccination to reduce their risk for COVID-19associated hospitalization. of pages found at these sites. Dis. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). Nature. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, Adults who completed their primary COVID-19 vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose primary vaccine product 14 days before receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result associated with their hospitalization but received no additional or booster dose. Female sex was a protective factor (HR, 0.52), while residence in a nursing home or low-income area was a risk factor. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. All other authors declare no competing interests. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in calculations but are included in previous weeks. While Omicron caused a big spike in COVID-19 cases, vaccinated people continued to be less likely to be hospitalized than the unvaccinated. Marks, K. J. et al. Risk was especially high for people with severe combined immunodeficiency (HR, 6.2). The average death rate among Americans over age 65 who contract the flu has ranged between 1 in 75 and 1 in 160 in recent years, according to the C.D.C. Foppa, I. M., Haber, M., Ferdinands, J. M. & Shay, D. K. The case test-negative design for studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine. Using Cox regression, the effectiveness of 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine received during pregnancy was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66, 93), 62% (CI: 39, 77) and 56% (CI: 34,71) during months 02, 04 and 0- 6 of a childs life, respectively, in the Delta variant period. N. Engl. Infants were followed from birth until the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test by PCR at age 2, 4, or 6 months, with censoring due to death, health plan disenrollment, or end of follow-up (May 31, 2022).
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